List of computer term etymologies:

1)Abend —
Originally from an IBM System/360 error message,BEEB short for "abnormal end".
2)Booting or Bootstaraping —
           Loading or fetching the OS to the memory for processing while the the system starts.
3) Cookie —
A packet of information that travels between a browser and the web server.
4)Daemon —
A process in an operating system that runs in the background.It is falsely considered an acronym for       Disk And Execution Monitor.
5)Ethernet —
A computer networking technology.
6)Finger —
Unix command that provides information about users logged into a system.

7) Gopher —
An early distributed document search and retrieval network protocol on the Internet.
8)Hotmail —
Free email service, now part of MSN. The idea of accessing email via the web from a  computer anywhere in the world.
9) ID10T -
Pronounced "ID ten T" - is a code frequently used by a customer service representative  (CSR) to annotate their notes and identify the source of a problem as the person who is reporting  the problem rather than the system being blamed. This is a thinly veiled reference to the CSR's  opinion that the person reporting the problem is an IDIOT. Example: Problem reported caused by    ID10T, no resolution possible

10)Jakarta Project —
A project constituted by Sun and Apache to create a web server for Java servlets and JSPs.Jakarta was the name of the conference room at Sun where most of the meetings between Sun and Apache took place.
11)Kerberos —
A computer network authentication protocol that is used by both Windows 2000 and Windows XP as their default authentication method.
12)liveware -
computer personnel.It play on the terms "software" and "hardware". Coined in 1966,
the word indicates that sometimes the computer problem is not with the computer itself, but with user.
13) Macintosh, Mac —
  A personal computer from Apple Computer.From McIntosh, a popular type of apple.
14)Nerd —
A colloquial term for a computer person, especially an obsessive, singularly focused one.
15)OLIVER -
CICS interactive test/debug software.The name of this online interactive software - that prevented CICS system abends caused by application programs.
16)ping —
a computer network tool used to detect hosts.
17)Query string —
In the World Wide Web, is an optional part of a Uniform Resource Locator (URL)
18) RSA —
An asymmetricalgorithm for public key cryptography.
19)SPIM —
A simulator for a virtual machine closely resembling the instruction set of MIPS processor,  is simply MIPS spelled backwards. In recent time, spim has also come to mean SPam sent over Instant Messaging.
20)Trojan horse —
A malicious program that is disguised as legitimate software.
21)Unix —
an operating system.
22)Virus —
a piece of program code that spreads by making copies of itself.
23)Worm —
a self-replicating program, similar to a virus.
24)X Window System —
a windowing system for computers with bitmap displays.
25)Yahoo —
internet portal and web directory.
26)zip —
a file format, also used as a verb to mean compress.

OPEN SOURCE-Innovation communities

• The principle of sharing pre-dates the open-source movement; for example, the free sharing of information has been institutionalized in the scientific enterprise since at least the 19th century. Open-source principles have always been part of the scientific community. The sociologist Robert K. Merton described the four basic elements of the community – universalism (an international perspective), communalism (sharing information), disinterestedness (removing one's personal views from the scientific inquiry) and organized skepticism (requirements of proof and review) that accurately describe the scientific community today.
• These principles are, in part, complemented by US law's focus on protecting expression and method but not the ideas themselves. There is also a tradition of publishing research results to the scientific community instead of keeping all such knowledge proprietary. One of the recent initiatives in scientific publishing has been open access – the idea that research should be published in such a way that it is free and available to the public. There are currently many open access journals where the information is available free online, however most journals do charge a fee (either to users or libraries for access). The Budapest Open Access Initiative is an international effort with the goal of making all research articles available free on the Internet.
• The National Institutes of Health has recently proposed a policy on "Enhanced Public Access to NIH Research Information." This policy would provide a free, searchable resource of NIH-funded results to the public and with other international repositories six months after its initial publication. The NIH's move is an important one because there is significant amount of public funding in scientific research. Many of the questions have yet to be answered – the balancing of profit vs. public access, and ensuring that desirable standards and incentives do not diminish with a shift to open access.
• Farmavita.Net is a community of pharmaceuticals executives that has recently proposed a new business model of open-source pharmaceuticals.The project is targeted to development and sharing of know-how for manufacture of essential and life-saving medicines. It is mainly dedicated to the countries with less developed economies where local pharmaceutical research and development resources are insufficient for national needs. It will be limited to generic (off-patent) medicines with established use. By the definition, medicinal product have a "well-established use" if is used for at least 15 years, with recognized efficacy and an acceptable level of safety. In that event, the expensive clinical test and trial results could be replaced by appropriate scientific literature.
• Benjamin Franklin was an early contributor eventually donating all his inventions including the Franklin stove, bifocals, and the lightning rod to the public domain.
• New NGO communities are starting to use the open-source technology as a tool. One example is the Open Source Youth Network started in 2007 in Lisboa by ISCA members.
• Open innovation is also a new emerging concept which advocate putting R&D in a common pool. The Eclipse platform is openly presenting itself as an Open innovation network.

GNU/LINUX NAMING CONTROVERSY

The GNU/Linux naming controversy is a dispute among members of the free and open source software community over how to refer to the computer operating system commonly called Linux.
GNU/Linux is a term promoted by the Free Software Foundation (FSF), its founder Richard Stallman, and its supporters, for operating systems that include GNU software and the Linux kernel.The FSF argues for the term GNU/Linux because GNU was a longstanding project to develop a free operating system, of which they say the kernel was the last missing piece.

Proponents of the Linux term dispute GNU/Linux for a number of reasons, such as the fact that the term Linux is far more commonly used by the public and media.

Plans for GNU, a complete computer operating system composed entirely of free software, were made in 1983 by Richard Stallman, founder of the Free Software Foundation. In September of that year, Stallman published his manifesto in Dr. Dobb's Journal detailing his new project publicly, and outlining his vision of free software.Software development work began in January 1984. GNU was to be a complete Unix-like operating system composed entirely of free software. By 1991, the GNU mid-level portions of the operating system were almost complete, and the upper level could be supplied by the X Window System, but the lower level (kernel, device drivers, system-level utilities and daemons) was still mostly lacking. The GNU kernel, GNU Hurd, was still in its infancy. The Hurd followed an ambitious design which proved unexpectedly difficult to implement and has only been marginally usable.

In 1991, the first version of the Linux kernel was released by Linus Torvalds. Early Linux kernel developers ported GNU code, including the GNU C Compiler, to run on Linux. Later, when the GNU developers learned of Linux, they adapted other parts of GNU to run on the Linux kernel. This work filled the remaining gaps in running a completely free operating system.

Over the next few years, there were a number of suggestions for how to name operating systems using the Linux kernel and GNU components. In 1992, the Yggdrasil Linux distribution adopted the name "Linux/GNU/X". In Usenet and mailing-list discussions, one can find usages of "GNU/Linux" as early as 1992 and of "GNU+Linux" as early as 1993. The Debian project switched to calling itself "GNU/Linux" in early 1994 During this time it was sponsored by the Free Software Foundation's GNU Project. Debian founder Ian Murdock later noted that this change was made in response to a request by Richard Stallman (who initially proposed "Lignux," but suggested "GNU/Linux" instead after hearing complaints about the awkwardness of the former term). GNU's June 1994 Bulletin describes "Linux" as a "free Unix system for 386 machines" (with "many of the utilities and libraries" from GNU), but the January 1995 Bulletin switched to the term "GNU/Linux" instead.

Stallman's and the FSF's efforts to include "GNU" in the name started around 1994, but were reportedly mostly via private communications (such as the abovementioned request to Debian) until 1996 In May 1996, Stallman released Emacs 19.31 with the Autoconf system target "linux" changed to "lignux" (shortly thereafter changed to "linux-gnu" in emacs 19.32),[citation needed] and included an essay "Linux and the GNU system"[citation needed] suggesting that people use the terms "Linux-based GNU system" (or "GNU/Linux system" or "Lignux" for short). He later used "GNU/Linux" exclusively, and the essay was superseded by Stallman's 1997 essay, "Linux and the GNU project".